not 可以置于分词、不定式和动名词之前，构成非谓语动词的否定形式。

例如：（ 1 ） Not having received any reply from Tom, Mary decided to write to him again.由于没收到汤姆的回音，玛丽决定再 给他写封信。（ 2 ） He kept silent over the matter in order not to lose his job.他对这件事保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的这份工作。（ 3 ） She was very upset for not having been invited to the party.她因没有被邀请去参加晚会而感到很伤心。not 的位置转移：（ 1 ）主句的主语是第一人称 we 和 I ，谓语动词是 think, believe, imagine, suppose 等时，常将其后宾语从句中的否定词 not 前移至这些动词之前。这种语法现象称之为否定转移。例如：

① I don't think the film is intended for children.我觉得这部电影不适合儿童看。

② We don't believe he stole money from the stop.我们相信他不会偷那店铺里的钱。（ 2 ）若用“ It is / was … that …”去强调 until 引导的状语从句，主句中又有否定词 not ，则常将 not 和 until 放在一起加以强调。例如：It was not until he told me that I had an idea about it.直到他告诉我，我才明白这件事。（ 3 ）当 not until, not only （… but also …）， not for a moment, not a single ……等位于句首时，有关分句的主语和谓语要倒装。例如：

① Not only has he been to London but also he worked there for a time.他不仅去过伦敦，而且还在那里工作过一段时间。（ not only 后面的分句中的主语和谓语倒装， but also 后面分句中的主语和谓语不倒装。）