现在分词短语作状语

分词短语在句中作原因状语时，相当于一个原因状语从句。与时间状语一样，也要注意分词所表示的动作与谓语动作的先后关系。当分词所表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生时，用分词的一般形式。此时分词的逻辑主语须是句中的主语。

当分词表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，可以用现在分词的完成式在句中作原因状语，其逻辑主语须为句中的主语，该短语的作用相当于一个原因状语从句。该从句的谓语动词须用完成时。如：

Having lived with the girl for 5 years, we all know her very well.

= Because we have lived with the girl for 5 years, we all know her very well. 因为与那个女孩一起生活了五年，我们都非常了解她。

现在分词短语在句中可以作条件状语，其逻辑主语须为句中的主语，该短语相当于一个条件状语从句。

Working hard, you'll succeed. = If you work hard, you'll succeed. 如果你努力工作，你会成功的。

Turning to the left, you will find the path leading to the park.

= If you turn to the left, you will find the path leading to the park. 如果转向左边，你将找到通向公园的小道。

分词短语在句中作让步状语：

分词短语在句中作让步状语时，相当于一个让步状语从句，有时分词前可以带有连接词although, whether, even if, even though。

现在分词短语作让步状语，分词的逻辑主语是句中的主语，变成状语从句时，需用主动语态。

Weighing almost one hundred jin the stone was moved by him alone.

= Although the stone weighted almost one hundred jin, it was moved by him alone. 虽然那块石头重将近一百斤，他一个人就把它挪动了。

分词短语在句中作结果状语：

现在分词短语在句中可以作结果状语，它的逻辑主语便是句中的主语，该短语相当于一个结果状语从句，且用主动语态。分词短语在句中作结果状语时，通常位于句末，中间有逗号。有时为了加强语气，就在分词前加thus。

Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.

= Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus it caused the delay. 他们的车遇上交通阻塞，因而耽误了。