过去完成时态的结构及用法

主语+had+动词过去分词

①肯定句：主语+had+动词过去分词+其他.

②否定句：主语+did+not+动词过去分词+其他.

③一般疑问句：Had+主语+动词过去分词+其他?

肯定回Yes,主语+had.

否定回No,主语+hadn't.

④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+had+主语+过去分词+其他？

⑤被动语态：主语+had(not) +been+动词过去分词+其他.

1. 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。这个过去的时间常用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句表示，也可以暗含在上下文中。

I had finished my homework before supper.我在晚饭前就把作业做完了。

The play had already started when we got to the theatre. 我们到剧场时戏已经开始了。

2. 过去完成时还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或还要持续下去，常与for，since等词连用。如：

He had served in the army for ten years before he retired last year. 他在部队干了十年，去年退役了。

He told me that he had known her since he was a child. 他告诉我他从小就认识她。

3. 在一段情景连贯的文字中，先发生的事放在后面叙述时，要用过去完成时。如：

Tom flew home, but his father had already died. 汤姆乘飞机回家，他的父亲却已经去世了。

4. 过去完成时也用于hardly...when..., no sooner...than..., It was the first time + that分句等一些固定句型中。

He had no sooner left the room than they began to talk about him. 他刚离开房间，他们就议论起他来。

It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.他用这样的语调跟我讲话，这是第一次。