英语语态是考研英语语法中的重要考点，主要考察主动语态和被动语态的用法。以下是具体分析：

一、主动语态

主动语态指句子主语是动作的发出者，结构为：

主语 + 谓语动词（主动形式） + 宾语

例如：

The company produces software every day. （公司每天生产软件）

二、被动语态

被动语态指句子主语是动作的承受者，结构为：

主语 + be动词（am/is/are/was/were） + 动词的过去分词 + （by + 动作执行者）

例如：

The software is produced by the company every day. （软件每天被公司生产）

三、常见考点与用法

语态转换

主动语态转被动语态：将be动词提前，被动部分用过去分词

例：He writes a letter every day. → A letter is written by him every day.

被动语态转主动语态：去掉be动词和by短语，调整语序

例：The letter is written by him every day. → He writes a letter every day.

语态与动词形式

被动语态中，be动词需根据主语数变化，动词用过去分词

例如：

The meeting was held last year.

They are being tested for the exam.

翻译与选择

翻译时需根据语境选择主动或被动语态：

主动：The researcher discovered the new species.

被动：The new species was discovered by the researcher.

常见错误：将主动语态误译为被动，或反之

四、典型题型示例

完型填空

通过上下文判断主动/被动语态，例如：

The experiment can be repeated with different variables.

The data has been analyzed by the team.

翻译题

例如：